The Valmiki Ramayana is a Hindu epic poem. It is among the most important texts in Hinduism, and a core text of the Indian culture.
The story tells of Prince Rama's exile and subjugation by King Ravana. His wife, Sita, leaves with him into exile but is abducted by Ravana to his island kingdom in Lanka. The Valmiki Ramayana (Book) is named after its author, Valmiki (Sanskrit: वाल्मीकि). The poem is also referred to as Ramavataram and Rama-vatara. It is also recounted in several other versions, such as the Kurma Purana ("Book of the Ocean"), though its chief source is believed to be an ancient Sanskrit text, called "Vishnu Purana" (विष्णु पुरा मान्). In addition to the Valmiki Ramayana, there are a number of "Ramayanas", or variant versions of the epic.
The Ramayana is divided into seven books (Kāṇḍas) or granthas. The Ramayana was an oral tradition that predates the birth of Valmiki. It is traditionally believed that after coming home to his wife, Valmiki decided to retell the story of Rama to her, which he had heard in his boyhood. Valmiki's Ramayana is broadly categorized as a Mahakavya. Traditionally, it is considered to be the "first poem" (Muktakāvya) in the Sanskrit language. Thus, it is also known as Adikavya. The Ramayana is dated to between the 6th century BC and the 3rd century BC. The traditional account says that Valmiki was born in North India, some time during the Treta Yuga. According to some scholars, Valmiki lived in or around present-day Bihar, while some others believe he lived in the north-west regions of the Indian subcontinent. Rama's wife Sita is considered by Hindus to be an avatar of Lakshmi (Goddess of wealth). The epic revolves around "Rama", an incarnation of Vishnu on earth, who is shown as a righteous king with human tendencies. The life of Rama and his duties as a king and as a god were interwoven in the text. The "Ramayana" has been noted for its detailed descriptions of various places and landscapes, its loveliness and brutality, and for having popularized the Indian "trinity" (trimurti)- Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva. The Ramayana is also notable as one of the longest poems in any major Indo-European language. According to one reckoning, it may be over 27,000 lines long.
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